Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytoconstituents of Stem Bark Extract and Vacuum Liquid Chromatographic Fractions of Spondias mombin (Linn)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjpps/v3i4.2Keywords:
metabolite, bioactivity, microorganisms, Spondias mombin, AntimicrobialsAbstract
Microbial infection is one of the leading causes of death globally with about five million deaths annually. The mortality rate is projected to double by 2050 if the current effort, such as plant-based therapies, to combat multi-drug resistance is not sustained. The study evaluated the antimicrobial properties of the extract and vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) fractions of Spondis mombin. The susceptibility of clinical isolates of eight bacteria and two fungi to different concentrations of extracts and fractions and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were evaluated using agar diffusion and agar dilution techniques respectively. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were detected in the n-butanol fraction. Candida albicans and P. aeruginosa were the most susceptible to the extract with MICs of 1.50 mg/mL while the MICs of 2.5 mg/mL (E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, S. paratyphi and B. cerus), 3.5 mg/mL (B. subtilis and S. dysentriae) and 6.5 mg/mL (A. niger) were also recorded for the respective isolates. The n-butanol fraction showed significant inhibition of E. coli, B. subtilis and B. cerus with MIC of 0.35 mg/mL; C. albicans with MIC of 0.15 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL for A. niger. Two VLC fractions showed equipotent inhibitory activity with MIC of 0.085 mg/mL against S. aureus, and 0.95 mg/mL against C. albicans and K. pneumoniae. The broad spectrum of activity recorded and the emerging categorization of S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and S. dysenteriae by the WHO among the priority pathogens list could place S. mombin as a source of lead antibiotic compounds.
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