Evaluation of the Disintegrant and Binding Properties of Avocado Seed Starch in Paracetamol Tablet Formulations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjpps/v3i2.2Keywords:
tablet properties, dissolution, disintegration, starch, Persea AmericanaAbstract
Starch is one of the most commonly used excipient as binder and disintegrant in tablet formulation. This study aims to investigate the disintegrant and binding properties of starch isolated from avocado (Persea americana) seeds in paracetamol tablet formulations. Starch extracted from avocado seed was used to prepare batches of paracetamol granules in varying amounts as disintegrant (2.5 - 15%w/w) and binder (5.0-15%w/v) using the wet granulation method. Granules formulated were assessed for their flow properties and drug-excipient interaction studies using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy before compression into tablets. The formulated tablets were assessed for their tablet properties. All the batches of granules exhibited fair to good flow properties with Carr’s indices ≤ 31.80%, Hausner’s ratios ≤ 1.47 and angles of repose ≤ 30.26°. The formulated tablets were uniform in weights with hardness values ≥ 6.0 kp, friability values ranging from 0.14 - 1.56% and disintegration times from 0.25 - 1.66 min as well as variable drug release (72.78 - 90.67%) in 1.0 h of dissolution testing. Drug-excipient studies showed the absence of interaction between paracetamol and test starch. Tablets formulated with avocado (Persea americana) seed starch met pharmacopoeial specifications in their tablet properties and were also fast disintegrating. The starch may be a viable local source of a super-disintegrant.
References
Popoola-Akinola OO, Raji TJ, Olawoye B. Lignocellulose, dietary fibre, inulin and their potential application in food. Heliyon. 2022; 8(8): e10459.
Onyeaka H, Obileke K, Makaka G, Nwokolo N. Current research and applications of starch-based biodegradable films for food packaging. Polymers. 2022; 14(6): 1126.
Abd El-Ghany NA, Elella MHA, Abdallah HM, Mostafa MS, Samy M. Recent advances in various starch formulation for wastewater purification via adsorption technique: a review. J Polym Environ. 2023; 31: 2792-2825.
Tosif MM, Najda A, Bains A, Kaushik R, Dhull SB, Chawla P, et al. A comprehensive review on plant-derived mucilage: Characterization, functional properties, applications and its utilization for nanocarrier fabrication. Polymers. 2021; 13(7): 1066.
Falcao LS, Coelho DB, Veggi PC, Campelo PH, Albuquerque PM, de Moraes MA. Starch as a matrix for incorporation and release of bioactive compounds: Fundamentals and applications. Polymers (Basel). 2022; 14(12): 2361.
Kumar Y, Shikha D, Guzmán-Ortiz FA, Sharanagat VS, Kumar K, Saxena DC. Starch: Current production and consumption trends. In: Sharanagat VS, Saxena DC, Kumar K, Kumar Y (Eds). Starch: Advances in Modifications, Technologies and Applications. Cham: Springer, 2023.
Manchanda S, Chandra A, Bandopadhyay S, Tekade RK. Formulation additives used in pharmaceutical products: Emphasis on regulatory perspectives and GRAS. In: Tekade RK (Ed). Dosage Form Design Considerations. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Academic Press, 2018. 773-831 p.
Le-Corre DB, Bras J, Dufresne A. Starch nanoparticles: A review. Biomacromolecules. 2010; 11(5): 1139-1153.
Fatokun O. Fostering local production of essential medicines in Nigeria. Bull World Health Organ. 2020; 98(7): 507-508.
Santos DM, Ascheri D, Bukzem AL, Morais C, Carvalho C, Ascheri J. Physicochemical properties of starch from avocado seed (Persea Americana Mill). Bol Cent Pesqui Process Aliment. 2016; 34(2): 1-12.
Macena JFF, Souza JCA, Camilloto GP, Cruz RS. Physico-chemical, morphological and technological properties of the avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) seed starch. Sci Agrotechnol. 2020; 44: e001420.
Martins SHF, Pontes KV, Fialho RL, Fakhouri FM. Extraction and characterization of the starch present in the avocado seed (Persea americana mill) for future applications. J Agric Food Res. 2022; 8: 100303.
Enadeghe OD, Eraga SO, Obarisiagbon JA. Characterization of avocado (Persea americana) seed starch - Physicochemical and powder properties. J Sci Pract Pharm. 2022; 9: 447-458.
British Pharmacopoeia. Volume III. British Pharmacopoeia Commission. London: The Stationery Office Limited, 2009. 6578-6585 p.
Eraga SO, Elue DN, Iwuagwu MA. Evaluation of the direct compression properties of microcrystalline cellulose obtained from cassava fermentation waste in paracetamol tablet formulations. Nig J Pharm Res. 2020; 16(1): 31-37.
Alalor CA, Okafo SE, Avbunudiogba JA, Atimah CO. Solubility and dissolution optimization of paracetamol using in situ micronization by solvent change method. Int J Biosci. 2022; 21(3): 8-19.
Guo Z, Chen X, Liu H, Guo Q, Guo X, Lu H. Theoretical and experimental investigation on angle of repose of biomass coal blends. Fuel. 2014; 116: 131-139.
Al-Hashemi HMB, Al-Amoudi OSB. A review on the angle of repose of granular materials. Powder Technol. 2018; 330: 397-417.
Eichie FE, Kudehinbu AO. Effect of particle size of granules on some mechanical properties of paracetamol tablets. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009; 8(21): 5913-5916.
Gajjar P, Johnson CG, Carr J, Chrispeels K, Gray JMNT, Withers PJ. Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging. Sci Rep. 2021; 11: 8352.
British Pharmacopoeia. Vol. I and IV: Her Majesty's Stationary Office, Cambridge: University Press, 2015.
Zhang Y, Law Y, Chakrabarti S. Physical properties and compact analysis of commonly used direct compression binders. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2003; 4: 489-499.
Verheyen P, Steffens KJ, Kleinebudde P. Use of crospovidone as pelletization aid as alternative to microcrystalline cellulose: Effects on pellet properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2009; 35(11): 1325-1332.
Nakom KN, Tongdang T, Sirivongpaisal P. Crystallinity and rheological properties of pregelatinized rice starches differing in amylose content. Starch/Starke. 2009; 61(2): 101-108.
Wang J, Li Y, Jin Z, Cheng Y. Physicochemical, morphological, and functional properties of starches isolated from avocado seeds, a potential source for resistant starch. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(8): 1121.
De Dios-Avila N, Tirado-Gallegos JM, Rios-Velasco C, Luna-Esquivel G, Isiordia-Aquino N, Zamudio-Flores PB, et al. Physicochemical, structural, thermal and rheological properties of flour and starch isolated from avocado seeds of Landrace and Hass cultivars. Molecules. 2022; 27(3): 910.
Gupta A, Hunt RL, Shah RB, Sayeed VA, Khan MA. Disintegration of highly soluble immediate release tablets: A surrogate for dissolution. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2009; 10(2): 495-499.
Markl D, Zeitler JA. A review of disintegration mechanisms and measurement techniques. Pharm Res. 2017; 34(5): 890-917.
Ogunjimi AT, Alebiowu G. Neem gum as a binder in a formulated paracetamol tablet with reference to acacia gum BP. AAPS PharmSciTech. 15, 2014; 500-510.
Alwossabi AM, Elamin ES, Ahmed EMM, Abdelrahman M. Solubility enhancement of some poorly soluble drugs by solid dispersion using Ziziphus spina-christi gum polymer. Saudi Pharm J. 2022; 30(6): 711-725.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tropical Journal of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
