Integrating LC-MS Metabolomics with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity to Unveil the Therapeutic Potential of Banana and Pineapple Peel Extracts
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Abstract
The disposal of fruit peels from banana (Musa acuminata) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) represents a significant environmental burden despite these by-products being rich repositories of bioactive phenolic compounds. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profiles of banana and pineapple peel extracts using LC-MS, correlate their HPLC-UV chromatographic fingerprints with mass spectrometric data, and evaluate their in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Peel samples were subjected to methanolic extraction followed by LC-MS analysis in both positive and negative ionization modes. Antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH radical scavenging assay, while anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated through bovine serum albumin denaturation inhibition assay. LC-MS analysis revealed distinct bioactive profiles from both extracts. Banana peel exhibited predominant peaks at m/z 285.385, 281.985, and 284.802 [M+H]⁺, corresponding to flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids. Pineapple peel demonstrated characteristic ions at m/z 179.223, 415.239, and 825.922 in negative mode, indicative of gallic acid derivatives and flavonoid-C-glycosides. Pineapple peel extract demonstrated superior DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 62.7 ± 1.9 μg/mL) compared to banana peel extract (IC₅₀ = 95.8 ± 2.1 μg/mL). Both extracts exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with IC₅₀ values of 35.2 ± 1.2 μg/mL and 38.5 ± 1.4 μg/mL for banana and pineapple peels, respectively. Banana and pineapple peels represent valuable sources of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, with LC-MS fingerprinting providing a reliable method for quality control of these bioactive extracts.
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