Phytochemical Investigation of <i>Aristolochias ringens</i> (Vahl.) n-hexane root extract using GC-MS and FTIR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjpps/v4i3.2Keywords:
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, phytochemical contents, n-hexane extract, Aristolochia ringensAbstract
Aristolochia ringens (Vahl.) has been featured in traditional medicinal practices to manage several diseases. This work aims to investigate the phytochemical contents of Aristolochia ringens n-hexane root extract and the functional groups present using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy methods of analysis and also to discuss the major and minor compounds detected with their biological activities. The plant material was extracted by macerating in n-hexane for 72 h. The extract was concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator and then screened for secondary metabolites. The phytochemical contents and FTIR were investigated using a GCMS-QP2010SE Shimadzu (Japan) fitted with an MS (Model EI) and an Agilent FTIR spectrophotometer (USA). Sixty-two compounds were detected by the GC-MS and identified using the NIST 11 library. The compounds consist of terpenes (28.97%), steroids and D-modified steroid (17.54%), cannabinoids (23.56%), esters (14.78%), epoxides (3.74%), alkanol, alkynol, and phenolic (3.00%), organosilicone (5.43%), alkanones and nitroalkanone (0.41%), hydrocarbons and chlorohydrocarbon (1.98%), pyrazine ester (0.11%), dioxocin (0.47%), and fatty acid (0.01%). Three cannabinoids are detected, and the most abundant of compounds and cannabinoid is cannabinol. FTIR detected OH-stretch (3327 cm⁻¹), C-H-stretch (2921 cm⁻¹ and 2854 cm⁻¹), C=O stretch (1711 cm⁻¹), C=C (1640 cm⁻¹ and 1462 cm⁻¹), C-O stretch for ether and epoxide (1380 cm⁻¹), and C-O stretch for alkanol (1171 cm⁻¹ and 1074 cm⁻¹). This study revealed the rich phytochemical contents of the n-hexane Aristolochia ringens extract, with their diverse medicinal properties. These results further explained the ethnomedicinal uses of the plant.
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