Evaluation of the In vitro Antimycobacterial Activities of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants
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Abstract
Various strategies which include the use of herbal medicines are be considered to reduce the burden and impact of tuberculosis and leprosy in Nigeria. Extracts obtained from four medicinal plants namely Rosary pea (Abrus precatorius), Hare’s bean (Desmodium ramosissimum), Stonebreaker (Phyllanthus amarus) and Sweet-broom (Scoparia dulcis) were screened for their antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) strain using the broth micro dilution method. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was evaluated using standard techniques. All the extracts were active with varying minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The methanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus gave the most potent inhibitory effect with the same Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (M.I.C.) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 62.5μg/ml and 62.5μg/ml respectively. Phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids for all the extracts. The result of this investigation provides scientific support for the ethno-medicinal uses of some of these plants for the management of mycobacterial infections. The methanol extract of P. amarus extract merits further investigation in order to obtain pure compounds that can serve as lead in the development of antimycobacterial drugs.
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