Biochemical and Histological Evaluation of Sub-Chronic Administration of Canscora decussate Leaf Extract on Liver and Heart of Wistar Rats

Abstract

Plants have been used as food and medicine since the beginning of recorded human history. Canscora decussate is traditionally believed to relieve cardiovascular and hepatic disorder. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biochemical and histological effect of sub-chronic administration of ethanol leaf extract of Canscora decussate on liver and heart of wistar rats. Twenty four male adult rats were used for this work. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg), while groups 2, 3, and 4 received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of Canscora decussate, respectively. The animals were housed in conventional cages for 28 days, with oral access to the extract provided before they were weighed and euthanized. A heart puncture was used to take blood, which was then promptly submitted for chemopathological investigation. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolite such as tannin, reduced sugar, flavanoids and saponins. There was significant decrease  (P≤0.05) in serum ALB at 200 and 400 mg/kg dose, while there was no significant change (P ≤0.05) in ALT and ALP when compared to the control group. There was significant increase (P ≤0.05) in level of CHOL at 200 mg/kg dose when compared to the control. There was significant (P ≤0.05) increase in serum HDL at 400 mg/kg dose. LDL and TRI value remain unchangeSlight lymphocyte hyperplasia with normal heart and liver histology architecture observed at all doses and the control (10 ml/kg). Canscora decussate is relatively safe for use and may be of benefit in cardiovascular and hepatic conditions.