Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Pyrenacantha staudtii (Icacinaceae) Leaf
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Pyrenacantha staudtii has been used in traditional medicine for various therapeutic applications, including the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of P. staudtii leaf extract and the antioxidant activity of its fractions. The leaves were extracted with methanol and fractionated using different solvents. The crude methanol extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening following standard procedures. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The extract was found to contain alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and flavonoids. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with a FRAP value of 189.58 mM Fe²⁺/g, a DPPH IC₅₀ of 1.77 µg/mL, and an ABTS IC₅₀ of 575.04 µg/mL. This was followed by the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction (FRAP: 187.63 mM Fe²⁺/g, DPPH IC₅₀: 15.60 µg/mL, ABTS IC₅₀: 922.13 µg/mL) and the aqueous fraction (FRAP: 140.85 mM Fe²⁺/g, DPPH IC₅₀: 17.75 µg/mL, ABTS IC₅₀: 1108.88 µg/mL). The n-hexane fraction showed the weakest antioxidant activity, with a FRAP value of 114.37 mM Fe²⁺/g, a DPPH IC₅₀ of 348.04 µg/mL, and an ABTS IC₅₀ of 5459.09 µg/mL. The findings from this study showed that P. staudtii leaf extract contain important phytoconstituents and possess significant antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential therapeutic benefits.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
World Health Organization. Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014–2023. 2013.
Mukherjee PK, Wahid P, Raihan MO. Quality Control and Evaluation of Herbal Drugs. Elsevier; 2019.
Burkill HM. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens; 1985.
Anosike CA, Onyechi AJ, Okenwa OE. A comparative study of the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Pyrenacantha staudtii. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2020; 4(7):416-420.
Falodun A, Usifoh CO, Nworgu ZAM. Antioxidant and anticancer potentials of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Trop J Pharm Res. 2012; 11(4):567-574.
Awe EO, Giwa JO, Olorunmola FO. Saponins in African medicinal plants: applications and benefits. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011; 8(5S):102-107.
Albers F, Bamps P, Kubitzki K, Manning JC. The families and genera of vascular plants: Flowering plants. Eudicots. Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae. Berlin: Springer; 2004.
Falodun A, Igbinoba I, Aguwa CN. Isolation of bioactive compounds from Pyrenacantha staudtii. Pharm Biol. 2010;48(3):308-313
Falodun A. The chemistry and pharmacology of Nigerian medicinal plants. Pharmacol Rev. 2017;69(4):480-509.
Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford University Press; 2015.
Azwanida NN. A review of the extraction methods used in medicinal plants. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2015;8(1):1-7.
Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening and extraction. Int Pharm Sci. 2011;1(1):98-106.
Houghton PJ, Raman A. Laboratory Handbook for the Fractionation of Natural Extracts. Springer; 1998.
Liu RH, Dixon DJ, Damodaran K, Holloway CJ, Huang R, Peterson CM, Gerber M, Vastano BC, Zhou K. Eco-friendly solvent systems for natural product extraction and fractionation. Food Chem. 2014; 158:235-240.
Chemat F, Rombaut N, Meullemiestre A, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Abert-Vian M. Techniques in the extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds from plants. J Chromatogr A. 2017; 1532:43-55.
Wang J, Sun B, Cao Y, Tian Y, Chen Y. Advances in chromatography for natural product isolation. TrAC Trends Analyt Chem. 2019;112:102-112.
Evans, WC (2002). Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 15th ed., Churchill Livingstone Harcourt publishers Limited, London: 204-393 p.
Sofowora, A (2008) medicinal plants and Traditional medicine in Africa 3rd edition spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp. 199 – 205.
Jain A, Soni M, Deb L, Jain A, Rout S, Gupta V, Krishna K. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Momordica dioica Roxb. Leaves. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 115(1):61-66.
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. Antioxidant Activity Applying an Improved ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999; 26(9-10):1231-1237.
Benzie IFF and Strain JJ. The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay. Anal Biochem. 1996; 239(1):70-76. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0292.
Gill LS. Ethnomedical Uses of Plants in Nigeria. University of Benin Press; 1992.
Yeddes N, Chérif JK, Guyot S, Baron A, Trabelsi-Ayadi M. Solvent-to-sample ratio optimization for enhanced phytochemical extraction. Ind Crops Prod. 2013;45:240-245.
Azmir J, Zaidul ISM, Rahman MM, Sharif KM, Mohamed A, Sahena F, Techniques and optimization of plant extraction. J Food Eng. 2013;117(4):426-436.
Pourmorad F, Hosseinimehr SJ, Shahabimajd N. Bioactivity-guided fractionation for drug discovery. J Pharm Sci. 2010;98(7):3071-3080.
Kris-Etherton PM, Hecker KD, Bonanome A, Coval SM, Binkoski AE, Hilpert KF, et al. Bioactive compounds in foods: Their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Am J Med. 2002;113(9):71-88.
Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1958;181(4617):1199-1200.
Ahmed D, Mughal Q, Younas S. Comparative antioxidant activities of selected medicinal plants using DPPH and FRAP assays. J Pharm Sci Innov. 2016;5(2):65-71.
Oloyede OI. Chemical profile and antioxidant activity of Ocimum gratissimum. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013;7(4):200-206.